sttuff

02-TeenyTinyShell/ttsh.c

@@ -95,7 +95,6 @@ int main()
     // Chop the commands into arguments and execute one at a time
     for (int i = 0; i < cmd_count; i++)
     {
-
         // TODO:
         //    1) Chop the command into command line arguments
         //        need to handle up to 10 arguments

Examples/pthreads/pthreads1.c

@@ -15,9 +15,10 @@ int global_value = 10;
 //   global data is shared between threads
 //
 // NOTE: that parameters and return value are pointers
-void* thread_routine()
+void *thread_routine()
 {
-    for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+    {
         printf("THREAD READS GLOBAL VALUE: %d\n", global_value);
         global_value++;
         sleep(1);
@@ -29,13 +30,15 @@ int main()
 {
     // Create a thread
     pthread_t thr_id;
-    if(pthread_create(&thr_id, NULL, thread_routine, NULL) == -1) {
+    if (pthread_create(&thr_id, NULL, thread_routine, NULL) == -1)
+    {
         printf("COULD NOT CREATE A THREAD\n");
         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
     }
 
     // Write to global data
-    for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+    {
         printf("PARENT READS GLOBAL: %d\n", global_value);
         sleep(1);
     }

Examples/pthreads/pthreads1.dSYM/Contents/Info.plist

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+	<dict>
+		<key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
+		<string>English</string>
+		<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+		<string>com.apple.xcode.dsym.pthreads1</string>
+		<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
+		<string>6.0</string>
+		<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+		<string>dSYM</string>
+		<key>CFBundleSignature</key>
+		<string>????</string>
+		<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
+		<string>1.0</string>
+		<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+		<string>1</string>
+	</dict>
+</plist>

Examples/pthreads/pthreads2.dSYM/Contents/Info.plist

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+	<dict>
+		<key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
+		<string>English</string>
+		<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+		<string>com.apple.xcode.dsym.pthreads2</string>
+		<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
+		<string>6.0</string>
+		<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+		<string>dSYM</string>
+		<key>CFBundleSignature</key>
+		<string>????</string>
+		<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
+		<string>1.0</string>
+		<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+		<string>1</string>
+	</dict>
+</plist>

Examples/pthreads/pthreads3.c

@@ -11,8 +11,10 @@
 //   Returns 1 if prime, 0 if not prime
 int is_prime(int v)
 {
-    for(int i = 2; i < v; i++) {
-        if(v % i == 0) {
+    for (int i = 2; i < v; i++)
+    {
+        if (v % i == 0)
+        {
             return 0;
         }
     }
@@ -23,12 +25,15 @@ int is_prime(int v)
 //    calls is_prime to check if the input argument is prime
 //
 // NOTE: that parameters and return value are pointers
-void* thread_routine(void* args)
+void *thread_routine(void *args)
 {
-    int* val = (int*)args;
-    if(is_prime(*val)) {
+    int *val = args;
+    if (is_prime(*val))
+    {
         printf("THREAD %lu FOUND that %d is prime\n", pthread_self(), *val);
-    } else {
+    }
+    else
+    {
         printf("THREAD %lu FOUND that %d is not prime\n", pthread_self(), *val);
     }
     return NULL;
@@ -42,11 +47,13 @@ int main()
     // Create 2 threads, passing a different value to each
     pthread_t thr1;
     pthread_t thr2;
-    if(pthread_create(&thr1, NULL, thread_routine, (void*)&val1) == -1) {
+    if (pthread_create(&thr1, NULL, thread_routine, &val1) == -1)
+    {
         printf("COULD NOT CREATE A THREAD\n");
         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
     }
-    if(pthread_create(&thr2, NULL, thread_routine, (void*)&val2) == -1) {
+    if (pthread_create(&thr2, NULL, thread_routine, &val2) == -1)
+    {
         printf("COULD NOT CREATE A THREAD\n");
         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
     }

Examples/pthreads/pthreads3.dSYM/Contents/Info.plist

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+	<dict>
+		<key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
+		<string>English</string>
+		<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+		<string>com.apple.xcode.dsym.pthreads3</string>
+		<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
+		<string>6.0</string>
+		<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+		<string>dSYM</string>
+		<key>CFBundleSignature</key>
+		<string>????</string>
+		<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
+		<string>1.0</string>
+		<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+		<string>1</string>
+	</dict>
+</plist>

Examples/pthreads/pthreads4.c

@@ -14,8 +14,10 @@
 //   Returns 1 if prime, 0 if not prime
 int is_prime(int v)
 {
-    for(int i = 2; i < v; i++) {
-        if(v % i == 0) {
+    for (int i = 2; i < v; i++)
+    {
+        if (v % i == 0)
+        {
             return 0;
         }
     }
@@ -27,13 +29,16 @@ int is_prime(int v)
 //    Modifies the input parameter by dereferencing the pointer
 //
 // NOTE: that parameters and return value are pointers
-void* thread_routine(void* args)
+void *thread_routine(void *args)
 {
-    int* val = (int*)args;
-    if(is_prime(*val)) {
+    int *val = (int *)args;
+    if (is_prime(*val))
+    {
         printf("THREAD %lu FOUND that %d is prime\n", pthread_self(), *val);
         *val = 1;
-    } else {
+    }
+    else
+    {
         printf("THREAD %lu FOUND that %d is not prime\n", pthread_self(), *val);
         *val = 0;
     }
@@ -51,11 +56,13 @@ int main()
     // Create 2 threads
     pthread_t thr1;
     pthread_t thr2;
-    if(pthread_create(&thr1, NULL, thread_routine, (void*)&val1) == -1) {
+    if (pthread_create(&thr1, NULL, thread_routine, (void *)&val1) == -1)
+    {
         printf("COULD NOT CREATE A THREAD\n");
         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
     }
-    if(pthread_create(&thr2, NULL, thread_routine, (void*)&val2) == -1) {
+    if (pthread_create(&thr2, NULL, thread_routine, (void *)&val2) == -1)
+    {
         printf("COULD NOT CREATE A THREAD\n");
         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
     }

Examples/pthreads/pthreads4.dSYM/Contents/Info.plist

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+	<dict>
+		<key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
+		<string>English</string>
+		<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+		<string>com.apple.xcode.dsym.pthreads4</string>
+		<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
+		<string>6.0</string>
+		<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+		<string>dSYM</string>
+		<key>CFBundleSignature</key>
+		<string>????</string>
+		<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
+		<string>1.0</string>
+		<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+		<string>1</string>
+	</dict>
+</plist>

Examples/pthreads/pthreads5.c

@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@
 //   Returns 1 if prime, 0 if not prime
 int is_prime(int v)
 {
-    for(int i = 2; i < v; i++) {
-        if(v % i == 0) {
+    for (int i = 2; i < v; i++)
+    {
+        if (v % i == 0)
+        {
             return 0;
         }
     }
@@ -29,12 +31,15 @@ int is_prime(int v)
 //    calls is_prime to check if the input argument is prime
 //
 // NOTE: that parameters and return value are pointers
-void* thread_routine(void* args)
+void *thread_routine(void *args)
 {
-    int* val = (int*)args;
-    if(is_prime(*val)) {
+    int *val = (int *)args;
+    if (is_prime(*val))
+    {
         printf("THREAD %lu FOUND that %d is prime\n", pthread_self(), *val);
-    } else {
+    }
+    else
+    {
         printf("THREAD %lu FOUND that %d is not prime\n", pthread_self(), *val);
     }
     return NULL;
@@ -49,7 +54,8 @@ pthread_t start_thread(int val)
 {
     pthread_t thr;
     printf("Before thread creation val=%d\n", val);
-    if(pthread_create(&thr, NULL, thread_routine, (void*)&val) == -1) {
+    if (pthread_create(&thr, NULL, thread_routine, (void *)&val) == -1)
+    {
         printf("COULD NOT CREATE A THREAD\n");
         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
     }

Examples/pthreads/pthreads5.dSYM/Contents/Info.plist

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+	<dict>
+		<key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
+		<string>English</string>
+		<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+		<string>com.apple.xcode.dsym.pthreads5</string>
+		<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
+		<string>6.0</string>
+		<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+		<string>dSYM</string>
+		<key>CFBundleSignature</key>
+		<string>????</string>
+		<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
+		<string>1.0</string>
+		<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+		<string>1</string>
+	</dict>
+</plist>

Examples/pthreads/pthreads6.c

@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@
 //   Returns 1 if prime, 0 if not prime
 int is_prime(int v)
 {
-    for(int i = 2; i < v; i++) {
-        if(v % i == 0) {
+    for (int i = 2; i < v; i++)
+    {
+        if (v % i == 0)
+        {
             return 0;
         }
     }
@@ -29,13 +31,16 @@ int is_prime(int v)
 //    Modifies the input parameter by dereferencing the pointer
 //
 // NOTE: that parameters and return value are pointers
-void* thread_routine(void* args)
+void *thread_routine(void *args)
 {
-    int* val = (int*)args;
-    if(is_prime(*val)) {
+    int *val = (int *)args;
+    if (is_prime(*val))
+    {
         printf("THREAD %lu FOUND that %d is prime %p\n", pthread_self(), *val, val);
         *val = 1;
-    } else {
+    }
+    else
+    {
         printf("THREAD %lu FOUND that %d is not prime %p\n", pthread_self(), *val, val);
         *val = 0;
     }
@@ -48,18 +53,21 @@ int main()
 
     // Create 10 threads
     pthread_t thr[10];
-    for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+    {
 
         // NOTE: there is a single memory location for val which is passed to all threads
         val = i + 2;
-        if(pthread_create(&thr[i], NULL, thread_routine, (void*)&val) == -1) {
+        if (pthread_create(&thr[i], NULL, thread_routine, (void *)&val) == -1)
+        {
             printf("COULD NOT CREATE A THREAD\n");
             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
         }
     }
 
     // Wait for threads to finish
-    for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+    {
         pthread_join(thr[i], NULL);
     }
 

Examples/pthreads/pthreads6.dSYM/Contents/Info.plist

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+	<dict>
+		<key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
+		<string>English</string>
+		<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+		<string>com.apple.xcode.dsym.pthreads6</string>
+		<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
+		<string>6.0</string>
+		<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+		<string>dSYM</string>
+		<key>CFBundleSignature</key>
+		<string>????</string>
+		<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
+		<string>1.0</string>
+		<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+		<string>1</string>
+	</dict>
+</plist>

Examples/pthreads/pthreads_race.c

@@ -11,12 +11,14 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-int global_value = 0;
+int global_value[5] = {0};
 
-void* thread_routine()
+void *thread_routine(void *arg)
 {
-    for(int i = 0; i < 100000000; i++) {
-        global_value++;
+    int *idx = (int *)(arg);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
+    {
+        global_value[*idx]++;
     }
     return NULL;
 }
@@ -25,21 +27,26 @@ int main()
 {
     // Create 5 threads
     pthread_t thr_id[5];
-    for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
-        if(pthread_create(&thr_id[i], NULL, thread_routine, NULL) == -1) {
+    int args[5] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4};
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+    {
+        if (pthread_create(&thr_id[i], NULL, thread_routine, (void *)&args[i]) == -1)
+        {
             printf("COULD NOT CREATE A THREAD\n");
             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
         }
     }
 
     // Wait for all threads to finish
-    for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+    {
         pthread_join(thr_id[i], NULL);
     }
 
     // Print out final value of global value
     // 5 threads * 100000000 iterations - expected value is 500000000
-    printf("PARENT READS GLOBAL: %d\n", global_value);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+        printf("PARENT READS GLOBAL: %d\n", global_value[i]);
 
     // Return success
     return 0;

Examples/pthreads/pthreads_race.dSYM/Contents/Info.plist

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+	<dict>
+		<key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
+		<string>English</string>
+		<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+		<string>com.apple.xcode.dsym.pthreads_race</string>
+		<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
+		<string>6.0</string>
+		<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+		<string>dSYM</string>
+		<key>CFBundleSignature</key>
+		<string>????</string>
+		<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
+		<string>1.0</string>
+		<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+		<string>1</string>
+	</dict>
+</plist>

Examples/pthreads/pthreads_race_atomic.c

@@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
 /*
  * pthreads_race_atomic.c - Uses an atomic add instruction to prevent
  *                          the race condition that can happen when
- *                          multiple threads modify a global value at the 
+ *                          multiple threads modify a global value at the
  *                          same time.
  */
 
 #include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdatomic.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include <stdatomic.h>
 
 atomic_int global_value = 0;
 
-void* thread_routine()
+void *thread_routine()
 {
-    for(int i = 0; i < 100000000; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
+    {
         atomic_fetch_add(&global_value, 1);
     }
     return NULL;
@@ -25,15 +26,18 @@ int main()
 {
     // Create 5 threads
     pthread_t thr_id[5];
-    for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
-        if(pthread_create(&thr_id[i], NULL, thread_routine, NULL) == -1) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+    {
+        if (pthread_create(&thr_id[i], NULL, thread_routine, NULL) == -1)
+        {
             printf("COULD NOT CREATE A THREAD\n");
             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
         }
     }
 
     // Wait for all threads to finish
-    for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+    {
         pthread_join(thr_id[i], NULL);
     }
 

Examples/pthreads/pthreads_race_atomic.dSYM/Contents/Info.plist

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+	<dict>
+		<key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
+		<string>English</string>
+		<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+		<string>com.apple.xcode.dsym.pthreads_race_atomic</string>
+		<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
+		<string>6.0</string>
+		<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+		<string>dSYM</string>
+		<key>CFBundleSignature</key>
+		<string>????</string>
+		<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
+		<string>1.0</string>
+		<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+		<string>1</string>
+	</dict>
+</plist>